Research Outputs
Optimizing Districting and Seat Allocation for Enhanced Representativeness in Chile’s Chamber of Deputies
This paper presents a mathematical programming model to simultaneously create districts and allocate seats in Chile’s Chamber of Deputies, improving representativeness. In addition, it explicitly incorporates constraints that ensure the contiguity of the communes that form the districts while respecting natural and administrative boundaries. Implementing specific strategies and methods has resulted in significant enhancements in particular metrics used to assess the degree of representativeness. These improvements have effectively addressed certain shortcomings and resulted in more accurate and reliable representation measurements in the given context. This study proposes a novel mathematical programming model that simultaneously tackles district creation and seat allocation for Chile’s Chamber of Deputies. This integrated approach aims to achieve a more representative body. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in malapportionment, from 11.07 in the 2015 reform to 6.55 under the proposed model. Furthermore, the sum of deviations has diminished, and the number of overrepresented districts has decreased from 17 to 13 out of 28 districts. Consequently, the malapportionment has been significantly reduced and falls within the permissible range of deviations, as outlined by the European Commission for Democracy through Law.
EstimaciĂ³n de parĂ¡metros en modelos no lineales: Algoritmos y Aplicaciones
En este artĂculo se muestran diferentes algoritmos para estimar parĂ¡metros en modelos no lineales. Se aplican primeramente a una base de datos de problemas clasificados difĂciles. Posteriormente, se muestra el comportamiento de los algoritmos para el estudio de crecimiento de la merluza comĂºn en machos y hembras, anchoveta y sardina comĂºn ajustando un modelo de Von Bertalanffy. Se aplica el test de Cerrato para la comparaciĂ³n de crecimientos entre gĂ©neros para la merluza comĂºn. Los algoritmos se implementaron en ambiente MATLAB presentando un buen comportamiento en cuanto a tiempo CPU, nĂºmero de iteraciones y exactitud de la soluciĂ³n encontrada respecto de valores certificados de los problemas de la base de datos.
The application of the random time transformation method to estimate Richards model for tree growth prediction
To model dynamic systems in various situations results in an ordinary differential equation of the form dy/dt=g(y,t,θ), where g denotes a function and θ stands for a parameter or vector of unknown parameters that require estimation from observations. In order to consider environmental fluctuations and numerous uncontrollable factors, such as those found in forestry, a stochastic noise process ϵt may be added to the aforementioned equation. Thus, a stochastic differential equation is obtained: dYt/dt=f(Yt,t,θ)+ϵt. This paper introduces a method and procedure for parameter estimation in a stochastic differential equation utilising the Richards model, facilitating growth prediction in a forest’s tree population. The fundamental concept of the approach involves assuming that a deterministic differential equation controls the development of a forest stand, and that randomness comes into play at the moment of observation. The technique is utilised in conjunction with the logistic model to examine the progression of an agricultural epidemic induced by a virus. As an alternative estimation method, we present the Random Time Transformation (RTT) method. Thus, this paper’s primary contribution is the application of the RTT method to estimate the Richards model, which has not been conducted previously. The literature often uses the logistic or Gompertz models due to difficulties in estimating the parameter form of the Richards model. Lastly, we assess the effectiveness of the RTT Method applied to the Chapman–Richards model using both simulated and real-life data.
Model of district distribution and seat assignment for the reform of the Chilean electoral system
La representatividad del mapa electoral del sistema binominal chileno, siempre fue un tema problemĂ¡tico a la hora de las elecciones. Si bien la reforma del año 2015 aborda en mejor medida las distorsiones que el sistema binominal manifestaba, aĂºn sigue presentando problemas de representatividad poblaciĂ³n-escaño. Bajo este escenario, se introduce un modelo de programaciĂ³n matemĂ¡tica que define los distritos y asigna los escaños de la CĂ¡mara de Diputados de Chile, obteniendo mejoras significativas en tres indicadores para medir la representatividad. Las implicancias de esta redistritaciĂ³n a nivel de anĂ¡lisis polĂtico son importantes, sin embargo, Ă©stas no son consideradas en este trabajo.