Research Outputs
Morphological variability in a red seaweed: Confirmation of co‐occurring f. lessonii and f. chauvinii in Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales)
Variability in thallus morphology is common in red seaweeds. Two co-occurring forms have been described for Chondracanthus chamissoi based mainly on blade width. To determine whether two distinct forms or a range of intermediate morphologies occur in C. chamissoi, thalli were collected from three localities in southern Chile in autumn–winter, repeating the sampling in one locality in spring and in summer. In each occasion, individual sporophytic and male and female gametophytic clumps were collected, and the longest blade with intact apex from each clump was evaluated. Blade length, width, density of spines, axis curvature and thickness, and pinnule length and width were evaluated in each blade. Principal components analyses separated two groups of thalli, one group with narrow, thick, and curved (concavo-convex) blades, with few spines consistent with f. lessonii, and another with broad, thin, and flat blades, with many spines consistent with f. chauvinii. These variables also had bimodal frequency distributions. Pinnule measurements were mainly associated with differences among sporophytes and gametophytes. Age (length), phase of the life cycle, and sex were not related to the forms. Furthermore, thalli of both forms were collected side by side in the study sites and throughout the year so the occurrence of the two forms was not attributable to local environmental conditions. In this species, secondary basal disks are produced after attachment of apexes to the substratum. These disks may produce blades with a modified morphology in a way similar to proliferations and regenerations described for Schottera nicaeensis.
Taxonomic position of the two sympatric forms of Chondracanthus chamissoi (f. lessonii and f. chauvinii) (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae) by using two molecular markers
The red seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi shows high morphological variability. Initially, three species were identified based on the width of the main axis of their blades. Later, all of them were included in a single species with two morphological groups. Recently, quantitative studies demonstrated the existence of two forms in C. chamissoi: f. lessonii and f. chauvinii. It was also shown that these two forms occur in sympatry, growing side by side. These forms were not associated with either a life cycle phase or the sex of the blades. This study aimed to determine whether the two forms could represent different species. We evaluated the forms' taxonomic position using COI and rbcL markers, including samples from three localities in southern Chile. All specimens shared a single rbcL haplotype, whereas the two COI haplotypes differed by four base pairs and were present in blades of both forms and life cycle phases. The two morphological types correspond to intraspecific forms. This species is of commercial importance, and its main market is aimed at human consumption with a marked preference for f. lessonii.