Dr. León-Castro, Ernesto

The aim of this paper is to present the application of the OWA operator and some of its extensions in the calculation of continent and global tax revenues. The idea is to present how the analysis of an important economic indicator can vary depending on how the information is aggregated. An example was employed based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database using 111 countries that were divided by continent, and then the global tax revenue was calculated using different aggregation operators. Different analyses can be carried out by governments and enterprises to improve decision making and fiscal politics.

Human capital management is a strategic element for companies in a globalized world. Therefore, they must use strategies and methods to recruit and select personnel assertively to focus their training, strengthening, and business growth efforts. Personnel selection can be seen as a decision problem and can be addressed in a multi-criteria decision-making context. This work aims to present the selection process of a barista in a Mexican coffee shop. The baristas could be the face of the company to customers, and they could significantly impact their overall experience. The personnel selection process included eleven candidates and three criteria. This process was performed using the ELECTRE-III to model the preferences of a decision-maker and RP2-NSGA-II+H, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that exploits fuzzy outranking relations to derive multi-criteria rankings. The ordering obtained with the algorithm did not have any inconsistency concerning the integral preference model, and it allowed for the selection of a candidate to occupy the barista position. The results show the relevance of combining preference modeling with multi-criteria analysis methods for decision-making and artificial intelligence techniques.

The paper analyses the strategic planning in the industrial context of Bogota, Colombia during COVID-19. Because of the different perspectives and subjectivity of the topic, the objective is to use an innovative methodology based on different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) characteristics and fuzzy logic to analyse the problem. The methodologies used were the Bonferroni ordered weighted average (OWA) operator and the Pitchat algorithm. The study was based on five sectors with seven strategic scopes. Among the main results was possible to visualise that all the sectors find the most important scope in marketing and the less important scope in Formalisation. Finally, some specific analyses of the results for each sector are presented to visualise how the scopes of the strategic planning can change depending on the sector.

Attracting foreign investment is essential for the competitiveness and prosperity of nations. When deciding where to invest, an investor may be interested in considering specific criteria for investing or doing business and preferences for those criteria. In the same way, when evaluating the situation of a country to attract investment, consider different aspects to determine its ease of doing business. The MultiCriteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodology is suitable for evaluating nations according to their ease of doing business due to the multifactorial elements of each nation. This work applied the ELECTRE-III method; it evaluated 190 nations based on the decision-maker?s preferences, giving different importance to the ten criteria considered in the World Bank?s Doing Business 2020 study. The results with this methodology show better-positioned nations in the ranking compared to the report presented by the World Bank Group.

The main purpose is to propose a new method for approximating the average interest rate using an ordered weighted average. The ordered weighted average (OWA), generalized GOWA operator and interval numbers are studied to develop this method. Using average interest rate formulation combined with aggregations operators and interval numbers presented above is the proposed weighted average interest rate (OWAIR) operator. For mathematical application, the deposit interest rates of the countries with 2020 data on the World Bank website are carried out. Finally, it should be noted that changes in the maximum, minimum, and average values are considered in the use of training for each region, which can be helpful for investors’ decision-making.

Agricultural product prices are subject to various uncertainties, including unpredictable weather conditions, pest infestations, and market fluctuations, which can significantly impact agricultural yields and productivity. Accurately assessing and understanding price is crucial for farmers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector to make informed decisions and implement appropriate risk management strategies. This study used the ordered weighted average (OWA) operator and its extensions as mathematical aggregation techniques incorporating ordered weights to capture and evaluate the factors influencing price variation. By generating different vectors related to different inputs to the traditional formulation, it is possible to aggregate information to calculate and provide a new view of the outcomes. The results of this research can help enhance risk management practices in agriculture and support decision-making processes to mitigate the adverse effects of price.

The economic impact of COVID-19 is undeniable, and one of the sectors most affected by this situation was tourism; when departures were canceled and what is known as “The Great Lockdown” began, the activity of this sector was paralyzed. In this regard, knowing which strategic actions must be implemented in order to recover economically is vital. This study aims to identify the importance of the strategic actions of travel agencies in Boyacá following the COVID-19 crisis using aggregation operators and fuzzy techniques. The methodology uses the experton method, Bonferroni’s OWAAC method, maximum similarity sub-relationships and Pichat’s algorithm, and the relative incidence analysis method to determine the importance of the actions taken. The findings show that most managers’ implemented strategic actions, including highlighting financial capacity and marketing (improvement actions and establishing alliances), which were the strategic actions with the highest incidence. These actions identify a focus for activities to reactivate the business and are related to the company’s routine operations.

This paper presents a new aggregation operator technique that uses the ordered weighted average (OWA), heavy aggregation operators, Hamming distance, and moving averages. This approach is called heavy ordered weighted moving average distance (HOWMAD). The main advantage of this operator is that it can use the characteristics of the HOWMA operator to under-or overestimate the results according to the expectations and the knowledge of the future scenarios, analyze the historical data of the moving average, and compare the different alternatives with the ideal results of the distance measures. Some of the main families and specific cases using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means are presented, such as the generalized heavy moving average distance and a generalized HOWMAD. This study develops an application of this operator in forecasting the sales growth rate for a commercial company. We find that it is possible to determine whether the company's objectives can be achieved or must be reevaluated in response to the actual situation and future expectations of the enterprise.

In this part of a series of two papers, we extend the theorems discussed in Part I for infinite series. We then use these theorems to develop distinct novel results involving the Hurwitz zeta function, Riemann zeta function, polylogarithms and Fibonacci numbers. In continuation, we obtain some zeros of the newly developed zeta functions and explain their behaviour using plots in complex plane. Furthermore, we provide particular cases for the theorems and corollaries that show that our results generalise the currently available functions and series such as the Riemann zeta function and the geometric series. Finally, we provide four miscellaneous examples to showcase the vast scope of the developed theorems and showcase that these two theorems can provide hundreds of new results and thus can potentially create an entirely new field under the realm of number theory and analysis.