In sewage, several pollutants can be found. Among them, it is possible to find pathogenic microorganisms, which can be classified into three categories: bacteria, viruses and parasites. Some of these pathogens are resistant to conventional disinfection methods, and in the case of chlorine disinfection, toxic by-products can be generated such as trihalomethanes, haloacetics, haloacetonitrile and others. In this scenario, the use of new alternatives that are technically efficient and do not generate toxic by-products results relevant. So, technologies like UV light disinfection, ozone, ultrasound and advanced oxidation processes (AOPS), such as photocatalytic disinfection, electrochemical disinfection and photo-Fenton reaction, have different operating characteristics that contribute to being friendlier to the environment and people’s health. The objective of this book chapter is to describe the disinfection technologies for treated sewage and their relationship with the environment and public health, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each one of them.