Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with immense potential in the field of antibacterial and antiviral applications. This chapter discusses toxicity concerns, advantages, and disadvantages of GO, as well as its applications as biosensors and its effectiveness against bacteria, viruses (including COVID-19), and recent research developments. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to fully understand the capabilities and limitations of GO in biomedical applications.