Dr. León-Castro, Ernesto

The main objective of this article is to present the formulation of a Capital Asset Pricing Model ordered weighted average CAPMOWAand its extensions, called CAPM-induced OWA (CAPMIOWA), CAPM Bonferroni OWA (CAPMBon-OWA), and CAPM Bonferroni-induced OWA CAPMBon-IOWA. A step-by-step process for applying this new proposal in a real case of formulating investment portfolios is generated. These methods show several scenarios, considering the attitude, preferences, and relationship of each argument, when underestimation or overestimation of the information by the decision maker may influence the decision-making process regarding portfolio investments. Finally, the complexity of the method and the incorporation of soft information into the modeling process lead to generating a greater number of scenarios and reflect the attitudes and preferences of decision makers.

The aim of this paper is to present the application of the OWA operator and some of its extensions in the calculation of continent and global tax revenues. The idea is to present how the analysis of an important economic indicator can vary depending on how the information is aggregated. An example was employed based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database using 111 countries that were divided by continent, and then the global tax revenue was calculated using different aggregation operators. Different analyses can be carried out by governments and enterprises to improve decision making and fiscal politics.

The paper analyses the strategic planning in the industrial context of Bogota, Colombia during COVID-19. Because of the different perspectives and subjectivity of the topic, the objective is to use an innovative methodology based on different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) characteristics and fuzzy logic to analyse the problem. The methodologies used were the Bonferroni ordered weighted average (OWA) operator and the Pitchat algorithm. The study was based on five sectors with seven strategic scopes. Among the main results was possible to visualise that all the sectors find the most important scope in marketing and the less important scope in Formalisation. Finally, some specific analyses of the results for each sector are presented to visualise how the scopes of the strategic planning can change depending on the sector.

The main purpose is to propose a new method for approximating the average interest rate using an ordered weighted average. The ordered weighted average (OWA), generalized GOWA operator and interval numbers are studied to develop this method. Using average interest rate formulation combined with aggregations operators and interval numbers presented above is the proposed weighted average interest rate (OWAIR) operator. For mathematical application, the deposit interest rates of the countries with 2020 data on the World Bank website are carried out. Finally, it should be noted that changes in the maximum, minimum, and average values are considered in the use of training for each region, which can be helpful for investors’ decision-making.

The economic impact of COVID-19 is undeniable, and one of the sectors most affected by this situation was tourism; when departures were canceled and what is known as “The Great Lockdown” began, the activity of this sector was paralyzed. In this regard, knowing which strategic actions must be implemented in order to recover economically is vital. This study aims to identify the importance of the strategic actions of travel agencies in Boyacá following the COVID-19 crisis using aggregation operators and fuzzy techniques. The methodology uses the experton method, Bonferroni’s OWAAC method, maximum similarity sub-relationships and Pichat’s algorithm, and the relative incidence analysis method to determine the importance of the actions taken. The findings show that most managers’ implemented strategic actions, including highlighting financial capacity and marketing (improvement actions and establishing alliances), which were the strategic actions with the highest incidence. These actions identify a focus for activities to reactivate the business and are related to the company’s routine operations.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar un análisis bibliométrico de las investigaciones sobre intención emprendedora relacionado con la educación superior. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología que usó el conjunto de datos de la colección principal de la Web of Science y, mediante una ecuación de búsqueda en la que se utilizan operadores booleanos, se encontraron un total de 1933 documentos, con un rango temporal para ser analizados desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre de 2022. Se presenta, además, un análisis de cocitaciones, coocurrencias, citaciones y coautorías de artículos, autores, revistas, países y palabras clave, usando como herramienta principal el software VOSviewer. Los resultados mostraron que el campo empieza a crecer desde 2015, que los enfoques más estudiados están relacionados con la autoeficacia, la transculturalidad, la educación en emprendimiento y género, y que las autorías y universidades más destacados están en España. Se identifican los tres ejes de investigación: actitudes personales (enfoque moldeamiento), capacidad de acción (enfoque empresarial) y entorno (enfoque universitario), así como los retos de la educación superior para la formación empresarial. Con ello, se puede tener una perspectiva holística de lo que ocurren en este campo de investigación que ayude a encontrar temas de interés dentro de este para futuras investigaciones.

This paper presents a new aggregation operator technique that uses the ordered weighted average (OWA), heavy aggregation operators, Hamming distance, and moving averages. This approach is called heavy ordered weighted moving average distance (HOWMAD). The main advantage of this operator is that it can use the characteristics of the HOWMA operator to under-or overestimate the results according to the expectations and the knowledge of the future scenarios, analyze the historical data of the moving average, and compare the different alternatives with the ideal results of the distance measures. Some of the main families and specific cases using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means are presented, such as the generalized heavy moving average distance and a generalized HOWMAD. This study develops an application of this operator in forecasting the sales growth rate for a commercial company. We find that it is possible to determine whether the company's objectives can be achieved or must be reevaluated in response to the actual situation and future expectations of the enterprise.

Interval numbers are widely used in many fields to provide information about different scenarios. This paper presents several new uncertain average formulations using the ordered weighted average, prioritized, probabilistic and induced operators. First, the work introduces the uncertain prioritized induced probabilistic ordered weighted average (UPIPOWA) operator that its main applicability is in complex group decision making problems. Also, a wide range of special cases and extensions using quasi-arithmetic means are presented, such is the case of the quasi-arithmetic UPIPOWA (QUPIPOWA) operator. The study analyzes the applicability of this new approach in economic variables, specifically are imports and exports. Particularly, the paper focuses on measuring the imports and exports for Latin America for 2017

This paper presents the Pythagorean membership grade induced ordered weighted moving average (PMGIOWMA) operator with some particular cases and theorems. The main advantage of this new operator is that can include the knowledge, expectation, and aptitude of the decision maker into the Pythagorean membership function by using a weighting vector and induced variables. An application in financial knowledge based on a survey conducted in 13 provinces in Boyacá, Colombia, is presented.

The main aim of this paper is to propose a new aggregation operator to improve the evaluation of the transparency index. This new operator is called the prioritized induced ordered weighted average weighted average (PIOWAWA) operator. The main characteristics of the PIOWAWA operator are that it allows considering the degree of importance, reordering and weight factors given to the information in the same formulation by the decision maker. A mathematical application is performed using a Colombia transparency case. The findings highlight that according to the operator used, there are significant changes in the ranking. The main implications are given by using these aggregation operators for the generation of scenarios by considering the changes in the allocation of weights, the level of importance and the ordering of information simultaneously.