Research Outputs
Análisis de intervenciones educativas con videojuegos en educación secundaria: Una revisión sistemática
Este artículo tiene por objetivo sistematizar información empírica sobre las intervenciones de videojuegos educativos en el nivel de Educación Secundaria, mediante la descripción de los participantes, caracterización de la variable independiente, efectividad, limitaciones y proyecciones de los estudios. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, donde se analizaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y SciELO, entre los años 2016 y 2021, logrando una muestra final de 19 investigaciones. Los resultados destacan que el continente europeo y concretamente España han desarrollado el mayor número de publicaciones relacionadas con intervenciones de videojuegos en este nivel educativo. Sin embargo, se utilizaron muestras poco representativas. También, se evidenció que se utilizan principalmente estrategias pedagógicas vinculadas al área de las matemáticas para integrar la tecnología al aula, dejando de lado la promoción del área humanista en relación con esta herramienta digital. Finalmente, todas las intervenciones mostraron efectividad, no obstante, se requiere avanzar en esta línea de investigación que está en un nivel de desarrollo incipiente en la educación secundaria, considerando los beneficios que mostraron para propósitos educativos. En conclusión, las intervenciones que incluyen tecnologías en contextos escolares obtienen resultados positivos en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje, ayudando a desarrollar tanto contenidos como habilidades transversales en los educandos.
Study of reference frames of 21st century skills: An ecosystemic model to guide educational innovation processes
Las habilidades para el siglo XXI son un grupo de habilidades cognitivas, sociales, emocionales y digitales que ayudarán a los estudiantes de hoy a enfrentar los desafíos y problemas que surgirán cuando sean ciudadanos de la sociedad del conocimiento. Este artículo compara marcos referenciales de habilidades para el siglo XXI y propone un modelo eco-sistémico de habilidades y un marco de referencia que sintetiza la diversidad existente desde y para un contexto Latinoamericano. Sobre la base de una metodología de casos y un análisis descriptivo comparativo se evidenciaron concordancias, discrepancias e incongruencias entre los diferentes marcos consultados. Se creó un modelo teórico eco-sistémico que recategoriza diversas dimensiones, redefine y ordena un conjunto de habilidades otorgando sustento teórico para los procesos de innovación educativa en Latinoamérica y Chile.
Analysis of psychometric properties and validation of the Personal Learning Environments Questionnaire (B-PLE) in higher education students
We are living through a cultural transition, characterized by technological disruption and the erosion of the modern ideology, which are redefining the behavior of citizens in their physical and digital spaces. Virtuality emerges as a new human dimension, making it necessary to rethink social and educational paradigms for a new two-dimensional citizen. In this context, the psychometric features and validation procedure of an instrument (B-PLE) for analyzing Personal Learning Environments (PLE) in students of higher education institutions in the Biobío Region of Chile are described. There were four phases to the validation method: (i) content validity, as determined by six experts in education and ICT; (ii) pilot test, with a non-probabilistic sample of 327 subjects; (iii) principal components analysis (PCA); and (iv) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the dimensional analysis made it possible to define the structure of the new instrument, explaining 72% of the total variance. The reliability analysis yielded an alpha coefficient of 0.92. The confirmatory factor analysis showed fit indexes that support the proposed theoretical model. In conclusion, the instrument was composed of three latent variables: Open learning (OL), with six questions, Information management (IM), with two questions, and Knowledge creation and transfer (KCT), with three questions.
Valoración del desempeño docente de estudiantes en formación inicial tras participar en simulaciones de prácticas pedagógicas en un mundo virtual
El Mundo Virtual (MV) ha ganado prominencia teórica en el ámbito educativo dada sus múltiples ventajas; sin embargo, en la práctica, su integración a procesos de Formación Inicial Docente (FID) sigue siendo poco estudiada. Esta investigación de diseño pre-experimental tiene por objetivo analizar el efecto de simulaciones de prácticas pedagógicas en un MV sobre la valoración de desempeños pedagógicos de estudiantes en FID. Participaron 140 estudiantes chilenos de programas de pedagogía en una intervención educativa que constó de seis sesiones de 90 minutos durante un período de dos meses durante la pandemia. Se administró un instrumento de autorreporte, como pre y post test, para la valoración de desempeños pedagógicos. Los hallazgos reportan un efecto positivo de las simulaciones de prácticas pedagógicas sobre el desempeño docente, como también, una mayor valoración por parte de estudiantes de cursos superiores en comparación a estudiantes de cursos inferiores. Se concluye que el MV refuerza competencias pedagógicas, disciplinares y tecnológicas de los futuros profesores, y proporciona un espacio de simulación de prácticas efectivas en un contexto seguro ante las condiciones actuales por COVID-19.
The use of mobile technology in the development of cognitive skills of high school students with special educational needs
Mobile technology can help personalize instruction and enhance generic and specific learning skills for students with special educational needs. This study examines the effects of a technology intervention strategy on the attention/concentration and spelling skills. Participants were students with permanent and temporary educational needs attending secondary schools in Chile. A pretest-posttest experimental design with a control group was adopted. 73 students participated, under three conditions: a) control group, with a printed guide-based strategy and without the use of technology, b) an experimental group with a computer-based strategy, and c) an experimental group with an iPad-based strategy. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the three groups. The results show that the iPad-based strategy obtained significant differences compared to the other conditions. It is concluded that iPad mobile technology can improve both the generic attention/concentration skills and the specific spelling skills in students with special educational
Students’ immersive experience in initial teacher training in a virtual world to promote sustainable education: interactivity, presence, and flow
The Virtual World is a technology that has created countless opportunities for teaching and learning, innovating traditional and online education, and promoting a more sustainable and accessible education. Through their avatars and digital representations, students can navigate, observe, and manipulate virtual objects, while interacting with their classmates inside the simulated 3D environment. This study examined how preservice teachers experience and participate in a VW that simulates a university campus, considering three main components: interactivity, sense of presence, and state of flow. A total of 103 pedagogy students, enrolled in an educational technology course, participated in the study. A postintervention survey was implemented, as well as a self-report about the immersive experience. The results show a high level of agreement with the survey’s affirmations, which allows for the determination of the favorable levels of interactivity, presence, and flow, as well as the meaningful and positive associations among these technological properties. Guidelines are argued to deepen the Virtual World’s potential and are given for the design of pedagogical activities in those environments.
Cambios en la autopercepción tecnológica de los docentes en contexto de pandemia
Este estudio relaciona los cambios en la autopercepción de los docentes en contexto de pandemia con las necesidades curriculares sugeridas desde el Ministerio de Educación de Chile. El objetivo fue analizar los objetivos de las priorizaciones curriculares y el grado de autovaloración sobre la integración de las tecnologías de profesores en contexto de prepandemia y pandemia. El estudio tuvo un carácter analítico, interpretativo y comparativo. Se seleccionaron 178 docentes, se les aplicó un cuestionario TPACK en diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021, además se seleccionaron cuatro asignaturas para realizar nubes de palabras a partir de sus objetivos priorizados. Se analizaron los resultados de forma descriptiva, comparativa con otra muestra tomada en 2018 y entre otros grupos demográficos. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en varios componentes del TPACK (TK, PK, PCK, TCK y TPK) de los docentes. Se concluye que los docentes en contexto de pandemia se auto perciben con mayor conocimiento tecnológico, pero menor conocimiento pedagógico y de contenido que los docentes en contexto de prepandemia, no coincidiendo con las necesidades curriculares en este periodo, donde se necesita mayor manejo de contenido y pedagógico para contextualizar el aprendizaje
How elementary students experience the use of immersive technology
The integration of immersive technology is one of the main trends in education. The purpose of this study is to understand how elementary school students experience the use of immersive technology, considering three properties: interactivity, presence, and flow. A natural science pedagogical intervention that incorporated the use of virtual reality and augmented reality was elaborated. 231 students from four schools in Concepción, Chile, participated. After the intervention, an instrument was applied to learn about the immersive experience. Findings indicate a high degree of agreement with the instrument's statements, which allows us to determine favourable levels of interactivity, presence, and flow, as well as the significant and positive association of these technological properties. Guidelines are proposed to maximise the capacity of immersive technologies in learning environments.
Critical and prospective analysis of online education in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts: Digital tools and resources to support teaching in synchronous and asynchronous learning modalities
Humanity, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, was already in the process of a gradual cultural transition between modernity and postmodernity. The rapid pace of scientific and technological advances has led humans towards a progressive adaptation, as they develop new ways to confront and to solve their problems. In the exceptional context of the pandemic, people and institutions have faced a sudden need to readapt their ways of life and their means of communication. In education, the need to migrate from traditional classrooms to online systems was urgent, and the shift required digital tools and resources to support teaching. This theoretical article aims to analyze the disruption in the educational context and to detail the adaptations that may contribute to the effectiveness of educational processes. Moreover, it discusses the pedagogical, methodological, didactic, and evaluative aspects of the change in education. The article also proposes some guidelines for learning on both synchronous and asynchronous platforms. The trends associated with these changes are analyzed in order to offer a perspective on education in the post-pandemic world.
Measuring stimulation and cognitive reactions in middle schoolers after using immersive technology: Design and validation of the TINMER questionnaire
Immersive Technology has dramatically changed the concept of teaching and learning. Its academic study is recent, so there is little to no background information that can explain how its stimuli and cognitive reactions can improve students' learning experiences. Therefore, this study set out to analyze the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure the stimuli and cognitive reactions inherent in Immersive Technology. Rigorous criteria were considered in the questionnaire's design and validation in order to achieve this objective: theoretical review, expert judgment, cognitive interview, pilot test, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument was administered to 231 middle school students in Concepción, Chile. Participants responded to the instrument after observing and interacting with science content using augmented reality and virtual reality technologies. After conducting the analyses, a latent structure with a good fit for the data was obtained, consisting of 16 items that underlie the latent variables, interactivity, presence, and flow. The questionnaire, called TINMER, presents a satisfactory level of reliability (0.85). Guidelines for its use are discussed to deepen the potential of Immersive Technology in learning experiences.