Dra. Badilla-Quintana, María Graciela

The integration of immersive technology is one of the main trends in education. The purpose of this study is to understand how elementary school students experience the use of immersive technology, considering three properties: interactivity, presence, and flow. A natural science pedagogical intervention that incorporated the use of virtual reality and augmented reality was elaborated. 231 students from four schools in Concepción, Chile, participated. After the intervention, an instrument was applied to learn about the immersive experience. Findings indicate a high degree of agreement with the instrument's statements, which allows us to determine favourable levels of interactivity, presence, and flow, as well as the significant and positive association of these technological properties. Guidelines are proposed to maximise the capacity of immersive technologies in learning environments.

Virtual reality has impacted education, where progressively more educational institutions consider its inclusion. The research problem derives from the need to study the educational possibilities provided by integrating augmented reality into the curriculum, and its effect on academic achievement in a diverse class, specifically in the chemistry subject. This study examines 60 school-age participants with andwithout special educational needs, and addresses three overarching questions: (a)Would integrating augmented reality (AR) technology result in better academic achievement? (b)Would knowledge be retained longer by using AR? (c) Is there any relationship between academic achievement, acceptance and motivation regarding the use of this technology? Embracing the socio-constructivist theory of learning and collaborative and immersive learning as a framework, this study was carried out using a quantitative approach and a pre-experimental design. The AR VR Molecules Editor application was used in chemistry lessons. Main results showed significant immediate academic achievement and content retention. Despite classroom diversity, immersive technologies enhance students’ learning regardless of whether they have special educational needs (SEN) or not. They also acknowledge that AR is a suitable sustainable technology that may foster social and cognitive justice and inclusive education,and train students that are equally prepared for the dynamic future.

Immersive technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality have attracted a great deal of interest in educational research; they have the potential to enhance learning by providing interactive, realistic, and safe experiences without the constraints of time and space. This study is based on a systematic review of the literature following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The scientific production related to the integration of immersive technologies in learning processes in primary education was examined. The Web of Science, Scopus and ERIC databases were searched, considering the period from 2018 to 2023. The sample consisted of 64 studies that met the established inclusion criteria. The results showed a higher production of studies in Asia, a lack of theoretical support for the integration of immersive technologies, and a greater focus on science education. In conclusion, it is highlighted that studies focus on the effect of immersive technologies on academic achievement without sufficiently addressing the cognitive and affective experience of students. The study presents a classification framework grounded in the stimulus-organism-response model, offering recommendations for future research and practical implications for educators, educational policy makers, and digital content designers.