Dr. Villagran-Orellana, Marcelo

Background: Genetic variants within the FTO gene have been associated with increased adiposity and metabolic markers; however, there is limited evidence regarding the association of FTO gene variants with physical activity-related variables. The authors aimed to investigate the association of the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO with physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness in Chilean adults. Methods: A total of 409 participants from the GENADIO study were included and genotyped for the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured with ActiGraph accelerometers. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Chester step test. The associations were assessed by using multivariate regression analyses. Results: No associations were found for FTO variant with physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness. The risk allele (G) of the FTO was found to be associated with sedentary time in the minimally adjusted model (β = 19.7 min/d; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 35.5, per each copy of the risk allele; P = .006), but the association was no longer significant when body mass index was included as a confounder (P = .211). Conclusion: The rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO gene was not associated with the level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and sedentary behaviors in Chilean adults.

Objetivos: Determinar si la velocidad de marcha lenta se asocia a un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 60 años, sanas, que viven en la comunidad, e investigar si esta asociación es modificable según niveles de actividad física y tiempo que permanecen sentados. Métodos: Estudio correlacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 1082 personas mayores de 60 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2009-2010 de Chile. La velocidad de la marcha (normal o lenta) fue autorreportada y el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo se evaluó con el cuestionario Mini-Mental State Examination. Las variables sociodemográficas y de estilos de vida se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios validados en la ENS 2009-2010. Adicionalmente se evaluó el estado nutricional a través del índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Las personas mayores que presentaban una menor velocidad de marcha evidenciaron un mayor riesgo de presentar deterioro cognitivo en comparación con aquellos que caminan a velocidad de paso normal (OR:1,62 [IC95%:1,06;2,54], p=0,036). Esta asociación fue independiente de factores sociodemográficos, obesidad, tiempo sedente, actividad física y estilos de vida. Conclusión: Las personas mayores que reportaron caminar a un paso más lento que sus pares de la misma edad presentan un mayor riesgo de deterioro en comparación con aquellos que tienen una velocidad de la marcha normal. La probabilidad de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores con marcha lenta aumenta en aquellas que no cumplen con las recomendaciones de actividad física dadas por la Organización Mundial de Salud o pasan más de 4 horas diarias en actividades sedentarias. Estos resultados refuerzan la idea de que la velocidad de la marcha podría ser usada como una herramienta de detección de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores.

Objective: To investigate the association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population. Design: Prospective study. Settings: The score was based on seven modifiable behaviours: salt intake, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. 1-point was assigned for each healthy recommendation. Points were summed to create an unweighted score from 0 (less healthy) to 7 (healthiest). According to their score, participants were then classified into: less healthy (0–2 points), moderately healthy (3–4 points) and the healthiest (5–7 points). Associations between the categories of lifestyle score and all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. Nonlinear associations were also investigated. Participants: 2706 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Results: After a median follow-up of 10·9 years, 286 (10·6 %) participants died. In the maximally adjusted model, and compared with the healthiest participants, those less healthy had 2·55 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·71) times higher mortality risk due to any cause. Similar trends were identified for the moderately healthy group. Moreover, there was a significant trend towards increasing the mortality risk when increasing unhealthy behaviours (hazard ratio model 3: 1·61 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·94)). There was no evidence of nonlinearity between the lifestyle score and all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Individuals in the less healthy lifestyle category had higher mortality risk than the healthiest group. Therefore, public health strategies should be implemented to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle across the Chilean population.