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  4. A Measurement of the Largest-scale CMB E-mode Polarization with CLASS
 
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A Measurement of the Largest-scale CMB E-mode Polarization with CLASS
云炀 Li 李, Yunyang
Eimer, Joseph R.
Appel, John W.
Bennett, Charles L.
Brewer, Michael K.
Bruno, Sarah Marie
Dr. Bustos-Placencia, Ricardo 
Facultad de Ingeniería 
Chan, Carol Yan Yan
Chuss, David T.
Cleary, Joseph
10.3847/1538-4357/adc723
American Astronomical Society
2025
We present measurements of large-scale cosmic microwave background E-mode polarization from the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor 90 GHz data. Using 115 det-yr of observations collected through 2024 with a variable-delay polarization modulator, we achieved a polarization sensitivity of 82 mu Karcmin , comparable to Planck at similar frequencies (100 and 143 GHz ). The analysis demonstrates effective mitigation of systematic errors and addresses challenges to large-angular-scale power recovery posed by time-domain filtering in maximum-likelihood map-making. A novel implementation of the pixel-space transfer matrix is introduced, which enables efficient filtering simulations and bias correction in the power spectrum using the quadratic cross-spectrum estimator. Overall, we achieved an unbiased time-domain filtering correction to recover the largest angular scale polarization, with the only power deficit, arising from map-making nonlinearity, being characterized as <3%. Through cross-correlation with Planck, we detected the cosmic reionization at 99.4% significance and measured the reionization optical depth tau=0.053(-0.019)(+0.018) , marking the first ground-based attempt at such a measurement. At intermediate angular scales (& ell; > 30), our results, both independently and in cross-correlation with Planck, remain fully consistent with Planck's measurements.
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