Publicaciones Científicas

Este artículo se centra en la universidad como lugar de memoria en Chile, entendida como un espacio que integra los recuerdos y los olvidos asociados a una comunidad con un proyecto colectivo que, desde la producción de conocimiento, buscaba transformar la sociedad. El caso de la Universidad Técnica del Estado (UTE), sede Concepción, ahora Universidad del Bío-Bío (UBB), permite abordar el problema del olvido generado por la intervención dictatorial que negó su historia y relegó las memorias institucionales. Se plantea la hipótesis de que los actuales trabajos de memoria dan continuidad al proyecto universitario cancelado. La metodología emplea un enfoque cualitativo documental, analizando fuentes primarias y secundarias. Los hallazgos confirman la trascendencia de la dictadura en el modelo universitario actual, la institucionalización del olvido y la relevancia de la investigación social y los trabajos de memoria en el presente.

El devenir histórico es un proceso relevante para comprender la evolución epistemológica de ciertos elementos, en este caso, de la educación especial. Este artículo propone ser una revisión documental de la normativa chilena que ha resguardado los principios de integración y actualmente de inclusión. Conceptualiza desde la justicia social una visión teórica de la justicia curricular. Aborda el surgimiento y consolidación de la educación especial en Chile, comenzando por la construcción e implementación de la primera escuela para sordos en 1852 y la visión de pedagogía terapéutica. La promulgación de decretos y leyes que promovieron la atención del estudiantado en situación de discapacidad en 1976 – 1981 y actualizados en la década de los 90´s. El reconocimiento a la diversidad entre los años 2010 – 2023 con normativas que validan la identidad de género y finalmente el cambio de visión centrada en el déficit por una inclusión centrada en las barreras y obstaculizadores. En conclusión, la educación especial en Chile entre los años 1850 y 2023 ha evolucionado desde una concepción de integración hacia una inclusión social de personas. En un inicio dando respuesta curricular a las personas en situación de discapacidad y actualmente, velando por la expresión de las diversidades y subjetividades.

The formation of resting cysts is a strategy for survival in unfavorable environments by single cell organisms such as protists. Here, we show that Colpoda resting cysts have high salinity tolerance and investigate the changes in gene expression that underpin this effect. Colpoda resting cysts can tolerate saline conditions up to 3.5 % NaCl. A comparative transcriptome analysis of vegetative cells and resting cysts showed that the relative levels of expression of genes associated with membrane function increased in resting cysts. These changes in gene expression suggest that reconstruction of the plasma membrane is associated with salinity tolerance. The resting cyst forms cyst-specific cellular structure known as the cyst wall. The outer shell-like layer, called the ectocyst, while the inner multiple layers, known as the endocyst. The chemical analysis showed ectocyst contains chitin and endocyst contains several proteins. These structures can protect cells by acting as a biological armor or protective materials. The results of this study offer a possible scenario in which salinity tolerance enables the widespread dispersal of protists.

Introduction The presence of a fracture of the posterior malleolus gives a poor prognosis for ankle fractures. This study aimed to analyze the anatomical structures at risk in the traditional postero-medial (TPM) approach. Methods Of a total of 21 cadaveric pieces, 11 were female and 10 were male; 9 ankles/right foot and 11 ankles/left foot. The age of the specimens ranged between 66 and 98 years. The following statistical tests were performed: Median, Mean, SD and Mann Whitney non-parametric test. Results The p values associated with the statistical tests were calculated, obtaining all p values lower than the level of significance. Therefore, there is statistically significant evidence to reject the null hypothesis, that is, there is a difference in the medians of men and women, with respect to the 3 measurements. The evaluation of the anatomical structures at risk allowed us to measure the distance of the Posterior Tibial nerve, thus demonstrating that the approach was 20 mm above could cause injury. The difference in the measurements obtained between men and women had statistical significance. Conclusion Using the TPM (traditional postero-medial) approach it is possible to identify a large portion of the posterior malleolus both laterally and medially. The evaluation of the anatomical structures at risk allowed us to measure the distance of the Posterior Tibial nerve, thus demonstrating that the approach was 20 mm. above could cause injury. The difference in the measurements obtained between men and women had statistical significance. We intend to quantify visualization percentages using computed tomography in our next study.

The multiscale hybrid-mixed (MHM) method for the Stokes operator was formally introduced in [R. Araya et al., Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 324, pp. 29–53, 2017] and numerically validated. The method has face degrees of freedom associated with multiscale basis functions computed from local Neumann problems driven by discontinuous polynomial spaces on skeletal meshes. The two-level MHM version approximates the multiscale basis using a stabilized finite element method. This work proposes the first numerical analysis for the one- and two-level MHM method applied to the Stokes/Brinkman equations within a new abstract framework relating MHM methods to discrete primal hybrid formulations. As a result, we generalize the two-level MHM method to include general second-level solvers and continuous polynomial interpolation on faces and establish abstract conditions to have those methods well-posed and optimally convergent on natural norms. We apply the abstract setting to analyze the MHM methods using stabilized and stable finite element methods as second-level solvers with (dis)continuous interpolation on faces. Also, we find that the discrete velocity and pressure variables preserve the balance of forces and conservation of mass at the element level. Numerical benchmarks assess theoretical results.

Purpose Despite global economic liberalization, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) banking sector remains uncompetitive and resistant to globalization. This study aims to extend corporate governance (CG) literature by examining the interplay between CG, national culture and bank performance, using data from listed banks in MENA countries. Design/methodology/approach This research analyzes 1,920 bank-year observations from 124 banks across 13 MENA countries from 2009 to 2023. National culture data was sourced from Hofstede’s index, and panel data techniques were used to account for individual heterogeneity and endogeneity issues. Findings Empirical results reveal that larger boards, well-structured committees with nonexecutive directors, fewer board meetings and limited involvement of independent directors significantly enhance bank performance. These governance structures align with key cultural traits such as high power distance, collectivism and uncertainty avoidance, which favor hierarchical decision-making, group consensus and stability. Practical implications This study provides practical insights for policymakers aiming to improve banking sector performance in MENA by aligning CG frameworks with cultural values. Recommendations include forming larger, well-structured boards and adapting decision-making processes to reflect the region’s preference for stability and collaboration. These insights can serve as a practical guide for improving governance systems in MENA and beyond. Originality/value While previous studies have explored the impact of CG and national culture on banking, this study is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to integrate both factors within the MENA context, offering a comprehensive perspective on their combined impact on bank performance.

We investigate the qualitative characteristics of a test particle attracted to an irregular elongated body, modeled as a non-homogeneous straight segment with a variable linear density. By deriving the potential function in closed form, we formulate the Hamiltonian equations of motion for this system. Our analysis reveals a family of periodic circular orbits parameterized by angular momentum. Additionally, we utilize the axial symmetry resulting from rotations around the segment’s axis to consider the corresponding reduced system. This approach identifies several reduced-periodic orbits by analyzing appropriate Poincaré sections. These periodic orbits are then reconstructed into quasi-periodic orbits within the full dynamical system.

The peak velocity of an athlete’s throws is a determining factor for sports performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol with functional electro-mechanical dynamometry (FEMD) on throwing velocity. Thirteen international-level female handball players voluntarily participated in the study. The PAPE protocol considered four sets of eight repetitions controlled by FEMD (four at 30% of 1RM followed by another four at 60% of 1RM). After each series, the athletes’ throwing velocity was measured. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the effect size (ES), which measures the strength of the statistical relationship between two variables by group with the repeated measures ANOVA statistic with an effect size ω2 = 0.028. The effect size analysis identified measurements that are considered null for the baseline—PAPE 1 comparison and small baseline—PAPE 2, baseline—PAPE 3, and baseline—PAPE 4. When resistance is controlled during the run as with an FEMD device, only two sets of eight repetitions (four repetitions at 30% and four repetitions at 60% of 1RM) are required for the improvement of throwing speed in elite handball players.

Background This study compared the accuracy of three generalized approaches for estimating proximity to failure during the Smith machine bench press: (i) the relationship between relative load (%1RM) and maximum repetitions performed to failure (%1RM-RTF), (ii) the relationship between maximum repetitions to failure and fastest set velocity (RTF-velocity), and (iii) the relationship between repetitions left in reserve (RIR) and lifting velocity (RIR-velocity). Methods Nineteen physically active men (22.9 ± 2.7 years old) with at least two years of resistance training experience participated. Their 1-repetition maximum (1RM = 86.8 ± 16.7 kg) was determined during the first session. In the second session, participants performed single sets to failure at 60% and 80% 1RM, with proximity to failure (2RIR and 4RIR) estimated using each approach. Results The RIR-velocity relationship was the only approach that did not significantly deviate from the intended RIR (errors = -0.4 to 0.6 repetitions). In contrast, both the %1RM-RTF and RTF-velocity relationships overestimated the intended RIR at 60%1RM for both 2RIR (2.9 and 5.8 repetitions, respectively) and 4RIR (2.8 and 5.7 repetitions, respectively), while no significant differences were observed at 80%1RM (errors = -0.6 to 0.9 repetitions). The RIR-velocity relationship generally demonstrated the lowest absolute errors compared to the actual RIR (1.3 ± 0.7 repetitions), with greater differences compared to the other two approaches at lighter loads and closer proximities to failure. Conclusions In the absence of individual relationships, the general RIR-velocity relationship should be used by coaches to control the proximity to failure of their athletes during the bench press exercise.

The traceability of fish species and their resulting food products is essential to maintain the global supply of these goods, allowing us to distinguish and reconstruct the origin and history of their production chain. One way to trace food is through biochemical determinations, which aid in identifying their geographical origin quickly. This study analyzed the fatty acid (FA) profiles of highly migratory fishery resource species (HMRS) from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean (SEPO), and their use as potential tools to determine the geographic origin and nutritional condition of these marine resources. The fatty acids (FAs) presented in fillet or muscle tissue of 18 HMRS were measured as FA methyl esters by gas chromatography. Our results reveal that the swordfish Xiphias gladius presented the greatest variety of FAs, strongly characterized by the presence of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs. A similar trend of high diversity in all classes of FAs was observed in tuna species (i.e., Thunnus alalunga; T. albacares; T. obesus), oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) and escolar fish (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum). In turn, Lampris guttatus, Makaira indica, and Tetrapturus audax presented an intermediate variety of FAs and the highest amount of saturated and monounsaturated FAs of the evaluated species. Finally, Luvarus imperialis, Coryphaena hippurus and the sharks (Lamna nasus; Alopias vulpinus; Prionace glauca; Isurus oxyrinchus; Sphyrna zygaena) presented a low diversity of FAs, with only saturated FAs strongly predominating. Regarding the total concentration of FAs, the highest average values were recorded in X. gladius, L. flavobrunneum and R. pretiosus. The present study revealed notable differences in the FA compositions of the muscle of diverse HMRS from the SEPO off the coast of Chile, with the swordfish showing the healthiest FAs (i.e., mono and polyunsaturated) for human consumption. The data on FAs collected for HMRS could be used as a reference to characterize the FA profiles of other fisheries in the SEPO (e.g., coastal pelagic fishes). In an ecosystem approach, our findings help us to understand how essential nutrients (i.e., FA biomolecules) are transferred through the marine food web in the SEPO, revealing the diet type and/or feeding habits of HMRS considered as top predators. Furthermore, identifying the FA profiles of fishery resources at a spatial level provides crucial information for their management and conservation, particularly in those resources that are overexploited and also have a critical nutritional importance for human consumption.