Publicaciones Científicas

The reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to mitigate air pollution while simultaneously generating economic value. In this context, the chemical fixation of CO2 into epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates is a sustainable technique due to its high atom efficiency. In this work, we report the preparation of simple iron-based ionic liquids (ILs) derived from hexacyanoferrate(III), (Fe(CN)6), which exhibit remarkable activity and selectivity toward cyclic carbonate formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that the contact ion pair organization in the IL is anisotropic, exhibiting a distinct spatial arrangement. The IL efficiently catalyzed the conversion of various epoxides using only 1.0 mol % IL under mild conditions (1–2 bar, 70–100 °C). Moreover, solid catalysts containing ionic liquid layers (SCILLs), akin to catch-and-release catalytic systems, are developed that demonstrate remarkable activity, achieving turnover numbers (TONs) of 265–729 for aliphatic epoxides and 83–668 for aromatic epoxides, with 99% selectivity toward cyclic carbonates under the same mild conditions. A monolayer of IL enhances local charge density by aligning cations and anions into distinct layers on SiO2, therefore creating nanoconfined spaces within the SCILL (solid catalysts with IL layer). These confined domains function as a “catch-and-release” catalytic system, controlling the diffusion of epoxides, CO2, and intermediates toward the active sites while facilitating the release of products from the microionic environment. An in situ NMR study conducted under realistic experimental conditions revealed that the reaction mechanism involves the formation of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (NHC–CO2) intermediate, thereby challenging the classical understanding of IL-assisted catalysis and providing new fundamental insights into the field.

La formación inicial docente, tradicionalmente, intenta vincular la teoría y la práctica sin lograrlo totalmente. Por eso se requieren estrategias alternativas que disminuyan tal brecha. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo la participación en el Seminario Narrativo Docente (SND) contribuye a la innovación en la formación docente respecto de la articulación entre la teoría y los saberes construidos en la escuela, desde la perspectiva de formadores de docentes de dos universidades regionales de Chile. La investigación fue interpretativa; se realizó un estudio de caso instrumental que contempló 10 formadores de docentes de universidades regionales. Se obtuvieron los datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, empleando un muestreo cualitativo de variación máxima; se realizó análisis de contenido con el programa N-VIVO. Los hallazgos indican que el SND, con su énfasis en la experiencia y la conexión teoría-vivencia, se presenta como una práctica formativa innovadora que desafía el enfoque tradicional de la formación docente caracterizado por una mayor valoración de la teoría por sobre la práctica. Se concluye que el SND es una alternativa de formación que integra el saber práctico construido en lo vivido en las escuelas, favoreciendo un aprendizaje profesional significativo y situado.

El concepto de coworking educativo surge de la integración del co-teaching y el co-learning, y promueve nuevas formas de relacionar la universidad y la escuela. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las diferencias en la percepción del trabajo colaborativo entre hombres y mujeres en este contexto. La metodología empleada fue complementaria. El análisis de datos cuantitativos se realizó mediante pruebas no paramétricas y el análisis cualitativo utilizó el método del flujograma. Los participantes fueron 30 estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía en Lenguaje y Comunicación e Inglés de una universidad de la Región del Biobío, Chile; y 65 alumnos de segundo ciclo básico de dos escuelas de las regiones de Ñuble y Biobío. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre estudiantes universitarios masculinos y femeninos en distintas dimensiones del trabajo colaborativo z (30) = 41.500, p < .05. Por otro lado, el análisis cualitativo realizado con los alumnos escolares demostró una valoración positiva del trabajo colaborativo entre la universidad y la escuela, y destacaron la gran calidad de las actividades realizadas con los estudiantes universitarios, independientemente de su género. En conclusión, se observa que la implementación del coworking educativo fomenta el trabajo colaborativo entre la universidad y la escuela, promueve la co-construcción de conocimiento y valora las diferencias de género como un elemento relevante para enriquecer las dinámicas pedagógicas y fortalecer la innovación educativa.

We consider a completely integrable system of differential equations in arbitrary dimensions whose phase space contains an open set foliated by periodic orbits. This research analyzes the persistence and stability of the periodic orbits under a nonlinear periodic perturbation. For this purpose, we use the Melnikov method and Floquet theory to establish conditions for the existence and stability of periodic orbits. Our approach considers periods of the unperturbed orbits depending on the integrals and constant periods. In the applications, we deal with both cases. Precisely, we study the existence of periodic orbits in a perturbed generalized Euler system. In the degenerate case, we analyze the existence and stability of periodic orbits for a perturbed harmonic oscillator.

We study a type of perturbed polynomial Hamiltonian system in 1:1 resonance. The perturbation consists of a homogeneous quartic potential invariant by rotations of 𝜋/2 radians. The existence of periodic solutions is established using reduction and averaging theories. The different types of periodic solutions, linear stability, and bifurcation curves are characterized in terms of the parameters. Finally, some choreography of bifurcations are obtained, showing in detail the evolution of the phase flow.

We construct a symplectic atlas adapted to the flow action of an uncoupled isotropic n-oscillator, referred to as the Reeb atlas. In the context of Reeb's Theorem for Hamiltonian systems with symmetry, these variables are very useful for finding periodic orbits and determining their stability in perturbed harmonic oscillators. These variables separate orbits, meaning they are in bijective correspondence with the set of orbits. Hence, they are especially suited for determining the exact number of periodic solutions via reduction and averaging methods. Moreover, for an arbitrary polynomial perturbation, we provide lower and upper bounds for the number of periodic orbits according to the degree of the perturbation.

We analyse the dynamics of an infinitesimal particle around an elongated body, which is modelled as a homogeneous fixed straight segment centred at the origin. We assume that the length of the segment is small compared with the distance to the particle. After a Lie–Deprit normalization, we end up with a Hamiltonian that has not only the mean anomaly but also the argument of the perigee relegated to terms or third order or higher. We employ invariant and reduction theories to reduce the artificial symmetries associated with the Kepler flow and the central action of the angular momentum. Analysing the relative equilibria in the first and second reduced spaces allows us to determine the existence of near-polar circular periodic orbits and KAM tori.

This work investigates the qualitative dynamics of a massless particle around elongated bodies modeled with a linearly varying density function. We assume that the segment rotates uniformly with angular velocity w, with the fixed segment considered as a special case. For the rotating straight segment, we identify four equilibria: two collinear and two triangular. The primary novelty of our work is the detection of a pitchfork bifurcation, wherein, under slow and moderate rotation, the triangular equilibria shift toward and merge with one of the collinear points, while remaining distinct in fast rotations. This feature, previously unreported, is visualized through Hill’s regions and highlights how both rotation rate and asymmetry in mass distribution affect orbital dynamics, providing new insights into gravitational environments near irregularly shaped bodies. Additionally, we analyze the linear stability of the relative equilibria. Finally, for the fixed straight segment, we examine singular solutions, showing that any solution not defined globally over time leads the particle to eventually approach the segment at a distance of zero. In the one-dimensional problem, all singularities are observed to result from collisions.

We propose a novel numerical test to evaluate the reliability of numerical propagations, leveraging the fiber bundle structure of phase space typically induced by Lie symmetries, though not exclusively. This geometric test simultaneously verifies two properties: (i) preservation of conservation principles, and (ii) faithfulness to the symmetry-induced fiber bundle structure. To generalize the approach to systems lacking inherent symmetries, we construct an associated collective system endowed with an artificial G-symmetry. The original system then emerges as the G-reduced version of this collective system. By integrating the collective system and monitoring G-fiber bundle conservation, our test quantifies numerical precision loss and detects geometric structure violations more effectively than classical integral-based checks. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of this method, particularly in long-term simulations of rigid body dynamics and perturbed Keplerian systems.

This study examines the financial behavior of university students in Economics, Business Administration, and Accounting in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, using the FB–13 instrument. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validate a three-dimensional structure: (1) financial planning and control, (2) savings and financial preparation, and (3) fulfillment of obligations, with high internal consistency (α = 0.915), supporting its psychometric robustness in Latin American academic contexts. Based on a sample of 714 students with diversity in gender, age, work experience, and parental status, the analyses confirmed that the FB–13 model best fits a three-factor structure. Significant correlations were identified between financial behavior and experiential variables such as age, work experience, and parenthood, while traditional sociodemographic attributes such as gender, residence, marital status, employment, and educational level showed limited associations. These findings suggest that personal experiences have a greater influence on the configuration of financial practices than conventional demographic categories. The study acknowledges limitations related to cross-sectional design, non-probabilistic sampling, and self-reported data, yet these do not diminish its contributions. By validating the FB–13 in Honduras, the research offers comparative evidence and promotes cultural diversity in financial behavior literature. Future research should move toward longitudinal and qualitative studies that explore the role of family dynamics, work contexts, and personal aspirations in responsible financial behaviors.