Publicaciones Científicas

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare guidelines and modalities of patient consultation worldwide. The frequent cycles of quarantine confinement in Chile have caused mobility restrictions for patients and physicians, forcing the Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano (HHT) to replace the assisted televisit modality with a more classic televisit program. Here we have described if this change in televisit modality and type of outpatient may have impacted patients’ satisfaction. Methods: The patient’s perception of satisfaction was evaluated through self-administered survey questionnaires previously validated in Spanish. Cohorts were grouped according to the following two relational models: (i) assisted televisit, 503 neurology patients from 2018 to 2019, and (ii) televisit, 831 patients from different specialties treated during 2020. Perception of satisfaction was compared by gender, age, and type of televisit, and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and reliability (factorial analysis of principal components) were assessed. Finally, we compared the patient satisfaction of both modalities. Results: Questionnaires showed excellent internal consistency; all items showed point biserial correlations greater than 0.30. Assisted televisit and televisit cohorts comprised 64.2% and 67.6% females, respectively, and patients under the age of 65 years were 62.2% and 75%, respectively. Assisted televisit patients showed very high 94.4% (n=475) and high 5.2% (n=26) satisfaction levels, while televisit patients showed very high 22.3% (n=185), high 63.9% (n=531), and moderate 13.1% (n=109) satisfaction levels; this difference was statistically significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: Lower perception of satisfaction due to the change in televisit relational modality underscores the importance of primary care professionals who support the specialist in the assisted televisit model. However, the televisit modality showed high patient satisfaction and suggested that this modality can be a plausible alternative according to each location's reality. The results of this study indicate that both assisted televisit and televisit contribute to delivering an integrative solution that helps to alleviate the system's fragmentation.

Iglesias-Soler, E, Rial-Vázquez, J, Nine, I, Fariñas, J, Revuelta-Lera, B, and García-Ramos, A. Variability in the relationship between velocity loss and percentage of completed repetitions during horizontal leg press and bench press in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1576–1583, 2024—This study aimed to analyze the intersubject variability in the relationship between percentage of velocity loss (%VL) and percentage of repetitions performed out of maximum possible (%MNR) in postmenopausal women. Thirty-five postmenopausal active women (58 ± 3 years) performed sets leading to muscular failure, completing 10–13 repetitions, in both leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Mean lift velocity of each repetition was expressed as a percentage of the fastest repetition, and repetitions were quantified as a percentage of the maximum number of repetitions completed in the set. Given the hierarchical structure of the data, %VL–%MNR relationships were fitted by linear mixed model regressions. A significant intersubject variability in the intercept (i.e., %MNR associated with 0%VL) was detected (p < 0.001 in both LP and BP), even when centered values of the completed repetitions were included in the models. The estimated variance in the intercept for LP (117.39; SE: 45.41) was almost double that for BP (67.47; SE: 20.27). The variability observed in the intercept entailed variability in the estimated %MNR for specific %VL values. The use of velocity loss thresholds for estimating the intensity of effort in active postmenopausal women does not overcome uncertainty of more traditional methods.

Natural semantic networks (NSNs) provide an approach to understanding concepts in terms of their density and strength. The objective of this study was to conceptualize mistreatment and good treatment among health science students in Chile, according to gender and training cycle. Methods: A mixed-methods study with a relational scope was conducted, involving 994 health science students. The present study is exploratory and combines both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We utilized the NSN technique, applying a questionnaire via SurveyMonkey after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 4386 defining words for mistreatment were identified, with the most relevant being ‘aggression’, ‘abuse’, and ‘violence’. In the case of good treatment, a total of 4146 defining words were obtained, with ‘respect’, ‘empathy’, and ‘kindness’ standing out. For good treatment, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the defining words and the variables of gender (χ2 = 41.158; p < 0.05) and training cycle (χ2 = 28.698; p < 0.05). For mistreatment, a statistically significant relationship was found only with training cycle (χ2 = 35.858; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Exploring the meanings associated with mistreatment and good treatment has a theoretical implication in the way in which two highly polysemic aspects of the educational environment can be understood.

La comprensión de los principios de inclusión y diversidad es un proceso dialógico y recursivo que los sujetos construyen y reconstruyen a lo largo de su trayectoria de vida. Los disensos críticos de inclusión la comprenden desde las relaciones de alteridad, mirada como un proceso interpelativo. A su vez, la diversidad es comprendida como un proceso de reconocimiento de las diferencias y diversidades de los sujetos. El objetivo de la investigación es develar la configuración de significado respecto a la inclusión y diversidad desde los discursos activos del cuerpo académico que forma educadores desde las experiencias vividas. La investigación se enmarcó en un paradigma interpretativo de naturaleza cualitativa, con un diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia de diez participantes a los que se les realizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes configuran el significado de inclusión y diversidad como un espacio multifactorial para la expresión de la singularidad, en la que el cuerpo académico y el estudiantado pueden expresar su diversidad como elemento enriquecedor del proceso educativo. Esto se produce por la construcción de experiencias formativas que responden a un diseño universal de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje.

El objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar la autorregulación del aprendizaje del estudiantado en un curso de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad de la Universidad ICESI (Colombia). Es decir, se analiza el aprendizaje autónomo de los estudiantes y las estrategias metodológicas del docente. El texto es producto de un estudio de método mixto que incluyó las herramientas de encuesta y entrevista. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes se esfuerzan por lograr los objetivos de aprendizaje y por comprender las lecturas asignadas, además que el docente diversifica las metodologías de enseñanza para estimular la participación de los estudiantes y su aprendizaje activo. Sin embargo, se percibe una débil autorregulación de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes que incide negativamente en sus habilidades cognitivas, compromiso y motivación; y consecuentemente en la significatividad de sus procesos de aprendizaje.

En el contexto educativo internacional actual, el desarrollo de una identidad docente con enfoque inclusivo es fundamental. Sin embargo, persisten dificultades en la preparación docente para responder a la diversidad. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo discutir la relevancia de la autoeficacia y motivación hacia la inclusión en la construcción de una identidad docente inclusiva. A través de un análisis teórico de diversos estudios, se argumenta que estos constructos no solo influyen en cómo los docentes abordan la diversidad en sus aulas, sino también en cómo definen su rol como agentes de cambio. Investigaciones revelan que el profesorado con alta autoeficacia y motivación hacia la inclusión está mejor preparado para implementar prácticas inclusivas, y que la formación especializada en inclusión refuerza estos componentes. En conclusión, la autoeficacia y motivación hacia la inclusión son elementos esenciales para construir una identidad docente inclusiva, por lo que es fundamental su promoción en la formación del profesorado.

This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives on corporate default risk, utilizing a panel dataset of non-financial firms across 20 European countries from 2008 to 2022. While previous research has predominantly explored the relationship between ESG practices and firm value, the link between ESG dimensions and corporate risk remains underexamined. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, our findings reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between ESG initiatives and default risk, particularly in industries with low environmental impact. We also uncover a novel non-linear relationship between financial transparency, a key component of governance, and default risk, where moderate levels of transparency minimize insolvency risk. The study provides new empirical insights, highlighting the importance of ESG initiatives in corporate risk management, particularly in enhancing access to capital and fostering long-term financial stability. Additionally, the research carries key policy implications for regulators, investors, and corporate managers, emphasizing the importance of robust sustainability frameworks and transparent governance practices.

Biotic interactions—and predation in particular—are thought to follow a latitudinal gradient, increasing towards the tropics; yet empirical evidence remains contradictory and largely based on studies from the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the role of environmental variables shaping latitudinal gradients of predation intensity has seldom been tested. Here, we quantify predation by shell-breaking crabs on modern shells of the marine gastropod Trophon geversianus along a latitudinal gradient (40°–54° S) on the southwestern Atlantic coast. We further evaluate how intrinsic factors (four shell morphometric traits) and extrinsic factors (seven environmental variables and the biogeographic region) jointly influence predation patterns. Fragmentation from crushing predation affected 37% of the shells (544 out of 1480), with the most frequent damage types being major body whorl damage (28%), deep aperture chips (11%) and extensive aperture chips (6%). When analysed by biogeographic province, fragmentation increased significantly towards the south in the Magellan province. Notably, random forest modelling revealed that intrinsic factors—particularly shell size and thickness—were stronger predictors than extrinsic factors in driving latitudinal variability of shell-breaking crab predation. By highlighting the dominant influence of intrinsic factors over extrinsic ones, this study emphasizes the crucial role of species-specific traits in shaping predator–prey interactions across biogeographic regions.

Esta investigación analiza el impacto de los deepfakes o videos falsos generados mediante inteligencia artificial en la confianza de Instagram, en Concepción, Chile. Además de analizar los deepfakes se aplicó un focus group y un cuestionario a más de 100 personas. Dentro de los resultados destaca que un 85,2 % de los participantes ha visto al menos un video de deepfakes en Instagram. Cuando lo identifican más de la mitad de ellos siente risa cuando los visualiza. Un 57,6 % admite dudar de su veracidad y un 81.4 % indicó que los deepfakes afectan su confianza en Instagram.