Dr. Montenegro-Cooper, Jose

For thousands of years, the volcanic activity present along the Andes Mountain range has generated a large amount of pyroclastic material. As a result, around 60 percent of the soils present in Chile have a volcanic origin, of which, we can find soils derived from volcanic ash. These correspond to soils whose origin is the weathering of volcanic ash, which generates minerals such as allophane, imogolite, and halloysite. The presence of these minerals gives these soils unique geotechnical properties, such as high plasticity, low dry unit weight, and a unique internal structure. Subjecting these soils to extreme temperatures like those needed to perform standard laboratory tests produces changes in their structures, and thus in their geotechnical behavior. These changes are important to be aware of with respect to slope stability problems, embankment conformation, surface foundations, etc. In the present study, a type of soil found in Chile originating from the weathering of volcanic ash and locally named Trumao was studied. Due to its age and formation processes, the main minerals found in the soil are allophane and imogolite, and hence it belongs to the allophanic soil type. The material was studied in its natural state (undisturbed) and, after being oven-dried using common geotechnical tests, the behaviors of both samples were compared. The study shows that some properties are affected significantly by the oven-drying process, and thus it is not recommended to expose the material to high temperatures during geotechnical laboratory testing to avoid misleading results.

Volumetric expansion tests are performed on both ladle furnace slag and mixtures with natural soils, with a view to their use in civil engineering projects such as embankment construction and related earth works. The study provides an analysis of the effects of magnesium oxide and proposes an analytical model to predict LFS expansion within shorter time frames than the potential expansion tests specified in the ASTM D 4792 standard. It was found that major chemical reactions between the mixture of clayey soils and the slag occurred in the first 40 h of the potential expansion test. An acceptable relationship was also established between the values of the potential expansion test and the CBR swelling test described in ASTM D 1883.

During the last decades, the importance of sustainable development in society has increased considerably. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) are a group of techniques that aim to improve the management of rain and run-off water while reducing their pollution. Many of these systems incorporate geotextiles in their structures, which act as a layer separation and water filter. Some authors defend the idea that by simply being installed, geotextiles partially or totally lose their separation and filtering capacities. This study proposes a testing methodology that can reproduce this effect and obtain a reduction factor for the water permeability of the material after its installation, which is defined here as the ‘new condition factor’. The procedure simulated the real installation conditions in the laboratory by causing the specimen to undergo both mechanical and hydraulic damage and subsequently measuring the loss of water permeability that it provoked on the geotextile. Two different nonwoven geotextiles were tested in order to validate the procedure and to obtain initial results that could confirm the need for the new condition factor in the design of pervious pavements with geotextiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance of the test variables.

Granitic residual soils are soils formed by the in situ weathering of intrusive granitic rocks and are present in different parts of the world. Due to their large presence, many civil engineering projects are carried out on and within these soils. Therefore, a correct characterization of the slopes is necessary for slope stability studies. This investigation aims to study the influence of the values of geomechanical parameters (specific weight, cohesion, and friction angle) and the geometry of a slope (height and inclination) on slope stability of residual granitic soils in dry and static conditions. To this end, an automatic system was developed for the numerical study of cases using the finite element method with limit analysis. The system allows modeling, through Monte Carlo simulation and different slope configurations. With this system, the safety factors of 5000 cases were obtained. The results of the models were processed through the SAFE toolbox, performing a Regional Sensitivity Analysis (RSA). The results of this research concluded that the order of influence of the factors were: slope angle > slope height > cohesion > friction angle > unit weight (β > H > c > ϕ > γ).

One of the most time-consuming activities in higher education is reviewing and grading student evaluations. Rapid and effective feedback of evaluations, along with an appropriate assessment strategy, can significantly improve students’ performance. Furthermore, academic dishonesty is a major issue in higher education that has been aggravated by the limitations derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the possible ways to mitigate this issue is to give different evaluations to each student, with the negative cost of increasing reviewing time. In this work, an open-source system developed in Python to automatically create and correct evaluations is presented. Using Jupyter Notebook as the graphical user interface, the system allows the creation of individual student question sheets, with the same structure and different parameter values, to send them to students, grade them, and send the final score back to the students. The proposed system requires little programming knowledge for the instructors to use it. The system was applied in Civil Engineering and Geological Engineering programs at the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, drastically reducing grading time while improving students’ performance.