Dra. Muñoz-Pareja, Maritza

Introducción: la pandemia por coronavirus COVID-19, es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, la cual ha provocado cambios sin precedentes en la vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes debido al cierre de escuelas y reducción de movilidad, presentando dificultades en la salud mental, contenidas por los servicios de urgencia psiquiátrica en tiempos de mayor confinamiento y restricción. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la realidad local respecto a los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Métodos: es un estudio descriptivo transversal. Los participantes del estudio fueron la totalidad de la población infan- to-juvenil (≤18 años) atendida en la urgencia psiquiátrica del Hospital Higueras de Talcahuano, Chile, entre los años 2019 y 2021 (n=1059). Resultados: las mujeres y adolescentes son el grupo mayormente consultante. El trastorno ansioso es el diagnóstico más prevalente junto a trastornos emocionales y del comportamiento. Disminuye la suicidalidad y trastornos depresivos desde la prepandemia a los años de mayor confinamiento, pero aumenta la consulta del diagnóstico de trastorno de personalidad en mujeres. El grupo de esquizofrenia, psicosis y uso de drogas aumenta en hombres adolescentes. Conclusiones: si bien no se puede generalizar por ser realidad local y no tratarse de población general, es importante destacar los grupos de riesgo en el corto y largo plazo como las mujeres, adolescentes con trastornos ansiosos. Hombres adolescentes con inicio de esquizofrenia y/o psicosis y hombres adolescentes con uso y consumo de drogas.

Introduction: The submaximal tests are used to measure aerobic capacity and correlate with activities of daily living in chronic patients. The 6-min handbike cycle test (6mhct) was created for nonambulatory subjects, but there are no reference values to quantify and classify the cardiorespiratory fitness of children in this condition. Objective(s): Generate 6mhct reference values and determine predictive variables in a population of Chilean children between 8 and 13 years old. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Sampling for convenience, stratified by age. Evaluation of anthropometric variables, handgrip strength, heart rate (HR), effort perception, and blood pressure were performed, then the 6mhct was applied. Descriptive statistics, Student's t test and Mann–Whitney U test, correlation coefficient, and regression equation were used to estimate the total revolutions by age, being significant p < 0.05. Results: Were evaluated 120 children homogeneously distributed by age. The total revolutions performed by boys and girls were 861.4 ± 102.9 and 771.8 ± 90.2, respectively (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between total revolutions and age (r = .52), weight (r = .29), height (r = .46), average UULL (length of the upper limb) length (r = .44), average handgrip strength (r = .53), peak HR (r = .67), recovery HR (r = .44), and HR reserve (r = .72). The regression equation was established. Conclusions: These results can be used as preliminary reference values for the 6mhct in Chilean children from 8 to 13 years old. Handgrip strength, age, peak HR, and HR reserve influenced the performance of the 6mhct.

One of the difficulties of evaluating hypnotizability in Chile is the limited existence of validated instruments. In this study, the Mexican version of Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, was semantically adapted and validated. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 102 Chilean university students. The content validation was performed by 3 experts; the internal consistency was evaluated with KR-20. The difficulty of the items was measured with a difficulty index. The majority of the students were classified with high hypnotizability. The mean score obtained was 7.41 (SD = 1.84). The internal consistency was acceptable (KR-20 = 0.73). The item with the least difficulty was arm lowering, whereas the auditory hallucination was the item with the greatest difficulty. The survey showed metric properties to be considered as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the level of hypnotizability in the Chilean population.