Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for damage to health due to their carcinogenic effects. Catalytic ozonation using zeolite appears as a valuable process to eliminate VOCs from industrial emissions at room temperature. For full-scale application of this new abatement technology, an intrinsic reaction rate equation is needed for an effective process design and scale-up. Results obtained here provide a mechanistic approach during the initial stage of catalytic ozonation of toluene using an acidic surface transformed natural zeolite. In particular, the contribution of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites on the surface reaction mechanism and overall kinetic rate are identified through experimental data. The least-squares non-linear regression method allows the rate-determining step to be established, following a Langmuir–Hinshelwood surface reaction approximation. Experimental evidence suggest that ozone is adsorbed and decomposed at Lewis acid sites, forming active atomic oxygen that leads to the oxidation of adsorbed toluene at Brønsted acid sites.