Datos de Investigación

Population genetic data set of A. porosus, for 13 loci, 2 locations and 8 years

The present dataset includes model-based runoff data for each of the 896 catchments with a surface area > 5 km2 draining into the coastal zone of Northwestern Patagonia (41-46°S). The data were generated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. VIC is a semi-distributed, physically based hydrological model that simulates snow accumulation and melt, evapotranspiration, canopy interception, surface runoff, baseflow and other hydrological processes at sub-daily time steps. The model was forced with gridded meteorological data from PMET-sim and ERA5-Land for the period 1980-2020. The VIC model was calibrated (1985-2004) and validated (2005-2020) in 43 catchments using a split-sample approach. The calibration was performed using the Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm included in the SPOTPY framework. The modelling approach achieved adequate performance of hydrological fluxes with modified Kling-Gupta efficiencies of 0.76 ± 0.09 and 0.71 ± 0.07 in the calibration and validation phases (daily timestep), respectively. The file details are as follows - basins_NP_metadata.csv: basin attributes including basin ID, area (in km2), name, location, mean elevation and climate attributes. - basins_NP_shapefile.zip: Zip file containing the shp file of all basins in the study area () - basins_NP_historical_runoff.csv: Daily time series of runoff data (in m3/s). Each column in the .csv file represents a basin.

Data set which contains the stochastic tsunami scenarios from the article "An improvement of tsunami hazard analysis in Central Chile based on stochastic rupture scenarios" The tsunami scenarios were configured to be run with NEOWAVE tsunami model. Each scenario consists of 376 subfaults of 20x20 km. The coordinates and depth correspond to the south west corner of each subfault.

Coastal human-made structures, such as marinas and harbours, are expanding worldwide. Species assemblages described from these artificial habitats are novel relative to natural reefs, particularly in terms of the abundance of non-indigenous species (NIS). Although these fouling assemblages are clearly distinctive, the ecosystem functioning and species interactions taking place there are little understood. For instance, large predators may influence the fouling community development either directly (feeding on sessile fauna) or indirectly (feeding on small predators associated with these assemblages). In addition, by providing refuges, habitat complexity may modify the outcome of species interactions and the extent of biotic resistance (e.g. by increasing the abundance of niche-specific competitors and predators of NIS). Using experimental settlement panels deployed in the field for 2.5 months, we tested the influence of predation (i.e. caging experiment), artificial structural complexity (i.e. mimics of turf-forming species), and their interactions (i.e. refuge effects) on the development of sessile and mobile fauna in two marinas. In addition, we tested the role of biotic complexity – arising from the habitat-forming species that grew on the panels during the trial – on the richness and abundance of mobile fauna. The effect of predation and artificial habitat complexity was negligible, regardless of assemblage status (i.e. native, cryptogenic and non-indigenous). Conversely, habitat-forming species and associated epibionts, responsible for biotic complexity, had a significant effect on mobile invertebrates (richness, abundance and community structure). In particular, the richness and abundance of mobile NIS were positively affected by biotic complexity, with site-dependent relationships. Altogether, our results indicate that biotic complexity prevails over artificial habitat complexity in determining the distribution of mobile species under low predation pressure. Facilitation of native and non-native species thus seems to act upon diversity and community development: this process deserves further consideration in models of biotic resistance to invasion in urban marine habitats.

HARPS spectroscopic time-series of L 98-59 including radial velocities and spectroscopic activity indices.

The present distribution of Patagonian species is the result of a complex history involving Quaternary refugial populations, Holocene range expansions, and demographic changes occurring during the Anthropocene. Invasive salmonids were introduced in Patagonia during the last century, occupying most rivers and lakes, preying on, and competing with native species, including the fish Galaxias platei. Here we used G. platei as a case study to understand how long-term (i.e. population differentiation during the Holocene) and short-term historical processes (salmonid introductions) affect genetic diversity. Using a suite of microsatellite markers, we found that the number of alleles is negatively correlated with presence of salmonids (short-term processes), with G. platei populations from lakes with salmonids exhibiting significantly lower genetic diversity than populations from lakes without salmonids. Simulations (100 years backwards) showed that this difference in genetic diversity can be explained by a 99% reduction in population size. Allelic richness and observed heterozygosities were also negatively correlated with the presence of salmonids, but also positively correlated with long-term processes linked to Quaternary glaciations. Our results show how different genetic parameters can help identify processes taking place at different scales and their importance in terms of conservation.

Some of the most important insights into the ecological and evolutionary processes of diversification and speciation have come from studies of island adaptive radiations, yet relatively little research has examined how these radiations initiate. We suggest that Anolis sagrei is a candidate for understanding the origins of the Caribbean Anolis adaptive radiation and how a colonizing anole species begins to undergo allopatric diversification, phenotypic divergence and, potentially, speciation. We undertook a genomic and morphological analysis of representative populations across the entire native range of A. sagrei, finding that the species originated in the early Pliocene, with the deepest divergence occurring between western and eastern Cuba. Lineages from these two regions subsequently colonized the northern Caribbean. We find that at the broadest scale, populations colonizing areas with fewer closely related competitors tend to evolve larger body size and more lamellae on their toepads. This trend follows expectations for post‐colonization divergence from progenitors and convergence in allopatry, whereby populations freed from competition with close relatives evolve towards common morphological and ecological optima. Taken together, our results show a complex history of ancient and recent Cuban diaspora with populations on competitor‐poor islands evolving away from their ancestral Cuban populations regardless of their phylogenetic relationships, thus providing insight into the original diversification of colonist anoles at the beginning of the radiation. Our research also supplies an evolutionary framework for the many studies of this increasingly important species in ecological and evolutionary research.

Aim: Biological invasions and changes in land and sea use are amongst the five major causes of global biodiversity decline. Shipping and ocean sprawl (multiplication of artificial structures at the expense of natural habitats) are considered as the major forces responsible for marine invasions and biotic homogenization. And yet, there is little evidence of their interplay at multiple spatial scales. Here, we aimed to examine this interaction and the extent to which the type of artificial habitat alters the distribution of native and non-indigenous biodiversity. Location: Southeast Pacific - Central Chilean coastline Methods: Settlement plates were deployed upon two types of artificial habitats (floating or non-floating hard substrates) at a total of ten study sites, either exposed to international or local traffic. After colonization periods of three and thirteen months, plates were retrieved to determine their associated fouling sessile assemblages at an early and late stage of development, respectively. Putative confounding factors (temperature, metal concentrations) were taken into account. Results: While traffic type had no detectable effect, there were strong differences in community structure between habitats, consistent across the study region. These differences were driven by non-indigenous species which contributed to 58 and 40% of the community structure in floating habitats after three and thirteen months, respectively – roughly 10 times greater than in their non-floating counterparts. Assemblages on floating structures also displayed a lower decline in similarity with increasing distance between sampling units, being thus more homogenous than non-floating habitats at the regional scale. Main conclusions: With the absence of international traffic effect, the colonization success by non-indigenous species appears to be mainly habitat-dependent and driven by local propagules. Floating structures not only provide specific niches but characteristics shared with major introduction and dispersal vectors (notably hulls), and in turn constitute important corridors to invasions and drivers of biotic homogenization at multiple scales.

Additional file 1. Data based used in the present study.