Research Outputs
Dimensiones de la autorregulación docente: interés intrínseco y orientación a la meta
Este estudio comparó el interés intrínseco y la orientación a la meta de dominio en docentes, según características sociodemográficas durante el retorno a clases presenciales después de la pandemia COVID-19. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional transversal. El cuestionario fue respondido por 157 docentes de escuelas secundarias en Chile. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa y positiva entre interés intrínseco, orientación a la meta de dominio; no existió diferencia significativa en estas variables regulatorias según sexo y tipo de contrato; los docentes con más de 10 años de experiencia presentaron mayores niveles interés intrínseco que docentes con menos años de experiencia, no existió diferencia significativa entre la variable orientación a la meta y años de experiencia. Se requieren más estudios para identificar factores intervinientes que influyan en el interés intrínseco y orientación a la meta del profesorado y consecuentemente permiten mejorar estas variables por medio del modelado en sus estudiantes.
Validación de la escala cognitivo-conductual de autoeficacia social en estudiantes universitarios chilenos
La Escala Cognitivo-Conductual de Autoeficacia Social fue diseñada para evaluar la autoeficacia social a partir de los dominios cognitivo y comportamental. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo validar y estimar las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala a través de su aplicación en 824 estudiantes (46.4% mujeres) y (53.4% hombres), entre 17 y 23 años (M=18.71; SD=1.17), que cursaban primer año de sus carreras en una universidad del sur de Chile. Los resultados indicaron un adecuado ajuste del modelo de segundo orden considerando tres dimensiones de autoeficacia social y un factor general. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna para las dimensiones de la escala fueron, ω=.81 (Factor 1: Predictivo), ω=.82 (Factor 2: Cognitivo), ω=.83 (Factor 3: Comportamental) y (Factor General) ω=.87 (Autoeficacia Social). Se concluye que el cuestionario es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar este constructo en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.
Proceso de diseño de un cuestionario de aprendizaje autorregulado para estudiantes de Educación Secundaria
Los procesos de autorregulación del aprendizaje están vinculados positivamente con el desempeño académico, el compromiso y éxito escolar. Se necesita diseñar instrumentos para su medición en el contexto educativo latinoamericano. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar, validar y analizar la factibilidad de aplicación de un instrumento de autorregulación del aprendizaje para estudiantes de Educación Media en Chile. Se realizaron análisis de acuerdo absoluto de jueces para la validación de contenido, entrevistas cognitivas y aplicaciones piloto para el análisis de la factibilidad del instrumento diseñado. Los resultados mostraron un acuerdo de jueces en relación con los ítems y dimensiones del instrumento, además de cumplir con los criterios de factibilidad para su aplicación. Se concluye que el instrumento es válido y factible de ser aplicado en estudiantes de Educación Media en Chile.
Teacher self-regulation and its relationship with student self-regulation in secondary education
Self-regulation is relevant to understanding the teaching–learning process; however, few studies have focused on teachers’ self-regulatory processes. The aim of this study was to characterize and analyze the relationship between teachers’ and students’ self-regulation. The design was cross-sectional and correlational. The sample consisted of 1481 participants (students n = 1123 and teachers n = 358) from 25 secondary schools in 17 cities of the Biobío region of Chile. In students, self-regulatory strategies were found to be deployed only half of the time; women were more self-regulated, and there was no difference in the levels of self-regulation according to grade. Teachers, it was found, almost always self-regulate their teaching, and the variables that influence their self-regulation are motivation, gender, and age, explaining between 25% and 28% of the variance. Positive and small correlations were evidenced between teacher role disposition with learning performance (rho = 0.10, p < 0.05) and teacher role self-evaluation with both learning performance and self-evaluation of learning in their students (rho = 0.12, p < 0.05). This study provides relevant evidence and proposes changes that could have a positive impact on teacher training and improve current teaching–learning practices in Chile, which would contribute to the quality of education.
Use of Digital Technologies to Support Socioemotional Teacher Training: A Systematic Review
Several studies in the educational field have explored the use of digital technologies and how they promote the strengthening of socioemotional competencies. However, most of these studies have focused on students, leaving their application to teachers in the background. This systematic review identifies and analyzes studies on the application of digital tools aimed at strengthening the socioemotional competencies of teachers in order to answer the following question: What digital technologies have been implemented to support the socioemotional development of teachers in educational settings and what are their results? The study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, based on the identification of research in the ERIC, EBSCO, OpenAlex, Sciencedirect, Scopus, PubMed, arXiv, and Google Scholar databases. Out of 451 research studies identified in an observation window open to any year, 57 studies were selected for analysis. The digital technologies reviewed to strengthen teachers’ socioemotional competencies were grouped into three categories: self-reflection tools (65%), such as digital diaries and blogs; intentional emotional development technologies (68%), such as virtual reality and gamification; and collaborative platforms (37%), such as social networks. Their use evidenced the development of CASEL model competencies: self-awareness and responsible decision-making (86%), self-regulation (81%), social awareness (58%) and relational skills (68%). It is recommended to integrate these technologies in an intentional and contextualized way in teacher training, in order to enhance their well-being, emotional preparation, and prosperity even in the midst of current educational challenges.
Regulación emocional y autorregulación académica en docentes de escuelas rurales durante la transición pospandemia
Organismos internacionales y la literatura han mostrado creciente interés por la salud mental de los docentes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar sus niveles de regulación emocional en la transición a la pospandemia en escuelas rurales de la región del Bío Bío, Chile. La muestra fue de 108 docentes, y el instrumento utilizado fue la escala de autorregulación del profesorado. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y comparativos para las variables de edad, carga horaria, años de experiencia docente, sexo y tipo de contrato. Los resultados indican un nivel adecuado de regulación emocional docente durante el período de transición a la pospandemia y una correlación positiva con la edad; no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la regulación emocional según sexo y tipo de contrato. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de profundizar la investigación en la regulación emocional en consideración a la edad de los docentes, para la calidad educativa.
Mental health in school teachers: An explanatory model with emotional intelligence and coping strategies
Introduction. Even before the pandemic began, teachers faced multiple challenges such as diverse student populations with widely varying needs, excessive workloads, lack of community support, and adverse working conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these problems. The teachers have been increasingly susceptible to stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mediation effect of coping strategies on the relationship between emotional intelligence and teachers' mental health. Method. The design was explanatory with latent cross-sectional variables. The sample was 1668 Chilean school level teachers, 331 (19.8%) were men, and 1337 (80.2%) were women; the mean age was 42.08 years (SD = 11.50). Three scale self-report were used: the emotional intelligence WLEIS, the scale DASS-21 was used to measure mental health levels y, the short version of the COPE-28, for coping strategies. Results. This study showed that high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress are significantly related to the lower emotional intelligence of teachers. The strongest relationships are between mental health variables and the emotional intelligence evaluation and regulation of emotions. The results indicated that the dimensions of emotional intelligence predicted 22%, 26%, and 23% of the variance in anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively. The estimated mediation model showed satisfactory fit indices. For anxiety, active coping and religion were mediated, and for stress, substance abuse, self-distraction and disengagement were mediated. Also, the results showed indirect effects of two maladaptive coping strategies (denial and self-blame) between the relationship of emotional intelligence the dimensions and depression, anxiety, and stress. Discussion and Conclusion. Explanatory models can be the basis for specific strategies to treat stress, anxiety, and depression in teachers. Considering the importance of the teaching role, the results of this study are useful to guide intervention actions that strengthen the management of emotions and the identification and use of effective coping strategies for the promotion of mental health.
Psychometric properties of the SocioEmotional Skills Instrument for Teachers using network approach: English and Spanish version
The importance of socioemotional teaching skills has been highlighted for its link with better academic, social, emotional, and behavioral results of students, as well as for its contribution to the work wellbeing, mental health, and prosperity of teachers. However, there are few instruments that measure these skills in teachers in the context of their professional practice. The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the socioemotional Skills Instrument for Teachers (SEMS-IT). An instrumental design and a sample of 853 Chilean secondary school teachers were used. To evaluate the dimensional structure of the instrument, a portion of the sample (n = 468) underwent a network estimation method with exploratory graph analysis (EGA) using a Gaussian GLASSO model. Then, in order to confirm the structural consistency and stability of the items, the analysis was replicated in a second sample (n = 385), where these results were additionally contrasted with those of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The EGA findings confirmed a structure of four dimensions and 19 items in total: (a) cognitive management of teacher emotion (four items), (b) teacher empathic concern (four items), (c) teacher–student relationship (four items), and (d) adverse classroom climate (seven items), with a 7-point Likert scale response format. The CFA showed good and acceptable fit indicators, X2(171) = 354.546 (p < 0.001), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.971, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.966, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.061, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.062. In conclusion, a tool for the assessment of teachers’ socioemotional skills, valid for school-based educational research, is provided. Implications of the findings at the theoretical and practical levels are discussed, as well as limitations and future projections for future research.
Efectividad de las intervenciones con tecnologías para promover la autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios: Un metaanálisis
Son prometedores los beneficios de la incorporación de tecnologías en educación. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las intervenciones desarrolladas para promover la autorregulación de aprendizaje con uso de tecnologías y determinar su efectividad. El método fue un metaanálisis basado en los estándares PRISMA identificando estudios en Web of Science, Scopus y Eric y su posterior análisis y selección usando el software Rayyan. La muestra fue de 6 estudios. Los análisis de datos se realizaron con el software Jamovi. Los resultados evidenciaron una caracterización insuficiente de las intervenciones respecto del número, frecuencia y duración de las sesiones, todas usaron el modelo de autorregulación de Zimmerman, pero pocos estudios especificaron un modelo tecnológico. Los tipos de tecnologías usados fueron LMS y aplicaciones móviles, y los instrumentos fueron escalas tipo Likert de autoinforme. El metaanálisis evidenció que las intervenciones fueron efectivas, aportó una estimación de 0.55 con un intervalo de confianza al 95% de 0.22, 0.88. La prueba de tamaño del efecto total fue significativa (z = 3.25, p = 0.001). Se concluye que las intervenciones con uso de tecnologías son efectivas en la promoción de la autorregulación. Se presentan implicaciones prácticas considerando estos resultados para la Educación Superior.
Predictive model of the dropout intention of Chilean university students
Dropping out of university studies is one of the current problems of Higher Education; the increased rates during the first year of the study programme is considerable around the world. Dropping out has negative social implications that are reflected at the personal, family, institutional, and educational levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate a predictive model considering the mediation of university social satisfaction and perceived academic performance within the relations between perceived social support, social self-efficacy and academic purposes with career satisfaction and dropout intention in Chilean university students. A non-experimental explanatory design of latent and observed variables was used. Structural equation analyses with Mplus software were performed. The sample consisted of 956 first year university students. The study complied with the ethical requirements for research with human subjects. As a result, a predictive model with adequate adjustment indexes was obtained. When evaluating the explanatory capacity through the coefficient of determination (R2), it was observed that it explains 38.9 and 27.4% of the variance of the dropout intention and career satisfaction, respectively. This percentage of explanation indicates a large effect size in Social Sciences; therefore, they are considered adequate predictive models. The mediation of university social satisfaction on the relationships between social support, social self-efficacy, and academic purposes with academic adjustment and dropout intention was, respectively, confirmed. The perception of academic performance has less influence on dropout intention and on career satisfaction among first-year students. The model obtained allows explaining the dropout intention and career satisfaction in first year students. In addition, it is composed of variables that can potentially be modified in the interaction of students and professors.